ABSTRACT
Background Mumps, caused by the paramyxovirus, primarily affects children and adolescents and presents with parotiditis. Complications such as orchitis and meningitis can occur, especially in young adult males and vaccination reduces complications. Global mumps cases surged in the past decade, including regions like North and South America, Australia, and Iran. In India, a recent surge in mumps cases was reported in 2023. The current analysis was performed to assess the burden and trend of mumps in India over the last decade and geographical variations in its burden across India.Methods Using the weekly outbreak reports of Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme(IDSP) for the period of 2014 to 2023, number of mumps cases and outbreaks in India were plotted to see the trend of mumps in past 10 years. State wise spatial distribution of the number of mumps cases and outbreaks were also performed using QGIS for 2023 to ascertain geographical variation in mumps burden across India.Results Distinct peaks and troughs in mumps cases were observed, with notable increases in 2015, 2016, and 2019. Absence of reported cases in 2021 and a resurgence in 2023 were noted. Spatial analysis identified hot spots and clusters, indicating hyperendemic areas. State-wise wide variations were evident, with some states reported disproportionately higher number of outbreaks like Jammu and Kashmir. The impact of COVID-19 on mumps incidence was seen, with a decrease in 2020 and an increase in 2023.Conclusion Total number of mumps outbreaks and cases were reported to be highest in 2023 which is alarming and emphasizes the need for inclusion of mumps containing vaccine in form of MMR vaccine in the Universal immunization Programme (UIP) of India along with strengthening the mumps surveillance. These findings also underscore the importance of state-specific analyses and evidence-based interventions to address mumps outbreaks effectively in India.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Parotitis , OrchitisABSTRACT
Background In January 2020, the Government of India based on the recommendation of the Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) and National Technical Advisory Group on Immunization (NTAGI) started the rollout of the COVID-19 vaccine in the country. Two vaccines, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 coronavirus vaccine (recombinant), i.e., COVISHIELD produced by Serum Institute of India and COVAXIN developed indigenously by Bharat Biotech, were given emergency use authorisation (EUA) by the DCGI. Methods In this cohort study, we assessed the incidence, pattern and severity of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) observed among the healthcare workers of a large tertiary care institute in eastern U.P., India vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Coronavirus vaccine (recombinant) within 30 minutes of vaccination by direct observation. Results Out of the total 836 healthcare workers who were vaccinated with the first dose of the vaccine, around 10% experienced any AEFI within the directly observed period. The most common AEFI was pain/tenderness at the injection site experienced by 59.3% of those who experienced any AEFI followed by headache/dizziness (35.3%), itching/rashes at the injection site (8.1%), nausea/vomiting (5.8%) and fever/chills (4.7%). The majority (95.3%) of the AEFIs observed were of minor severity with no serious AEFIs observed as per the WHO severity classification. Conclusion ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Coronavirus vaccine (recombinant) is proven to be safe based on our findings as the majority of AEFIs observed were of minor grade only. However, the vaccine beneficiaries should be strictly observed for a minimum of 30 minutes at the vaccination site to look for any serious AEFI with arrangements to manage the same.
ABSTRACT
The outbreak of a novel coronavirus starting from December 2019 and reaching pandemic proportions has raised concerns as to the ability of the current protective measures and the health-care system to handle such a threat. Health-care workers may experience considerable psychological distress as a result of the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic due to providing direct patient care, vicarious trauma, quarantine, or self-isolation.